The eNotes Blog The David Foster WallaceDictionary

The David Foster WallaceDictionary When David Foster Wallace died in 2008, he left behind a legacy of three excellent novels, several short story collections, and numerous essays. But what many of his fans may not be familiar with is Wallaces secret preparations for (perhaps?) another project, a dictionary. Thanks to The Telegraph, some of those notes are now available online. If youre anything like me, youll find comfort in the authors shared  frustration  with words like utlization (Kill it! Kiiiill it!) and curiosity at the paradoxical nature of adjectives like colloquialism. I only wish someone else would take up the flame and create a very biased dictionary, complete with personal commentaries in the manner of DFWs. Sure, some quirky collections are out there (Foyles Philavery is one I particularly enjoy) but I crave that Wallace zing found below. Any takers? Read on for some excerpts of David Foster Wallaces amusing views on parts of the English language. Utilize A noxious puff-word. Since it does nothing that good old  use  doesn’t do, its extra letters and syllables don’t make a writer seem smarter; rather, using  utilize  makes you seem either like a pompous twit or like someone so insecure that she’ll use pointlessly big words in an attempt to look sophisticated. The same is true for the noun  utilization, for  vehicle  as used for  car, for  residence  as used for  house, for  presently,  at present,  at this time, and  at the present time  as used for  now, and so on. What’s worth remembering about puff-words is something that good writing teachers spend a lot of time drumming into undergrads: â€Å"formal writing† does not mean gratuitously fancy writing; it means clean, clear, maximally considerate writing. Pulchritude A paradoxical noun because it refers to a kind of beauty but is itself one of the ugliest words in the language. Same goes for the adj. form  pulchritudinous. They’re part of a tiny elite cadre of words that possess the opposite of the qualities they denote.  Diminutive,  big,  Ã‚  foreign,  fancy  (adj.),  classy,  colloquialism, and  monosyllabic  are some others; there are at least a dozen more. Inviting your school-age kids to list as many paradoxical words as they can is a neat way to deepen their relationship to English and help them see that words are both symbols for real things and real things themselves. Mucous An adjective, not synonymous with the noun  mucus. It’s worth noting this not only because the two words are fun but because so many people don’t know the difference.  Mucus  means the unmentionable stuff itself.Mucous  refers to (1) something that makes or secretes mucus, as in â€Å"The next morning, his mucous membranes were in rocky shape indeed,† or (2) something that consists of or resembles mucus, as in â€Å"The mucous consistency of its eggs kept the diner’s breakfast trade minimal.† Myriad As an adj.,  myriad  means (1) an indefinitely large number of something (â€Å"The Local Group comprises myriad galaxies†) or (2) made up of a great many diverse elements (â€Å"the myriad plant life of Amazonia†). As a noun, it’s used with an article and  of  to mean a large number (â€Å"The new CFO faced a myriad of cash-flow problems†). What’s odd is that some authorities consider only the adjective usage correct - there’s about a 50-50 chance that a given copy editor will query  a myriad of  - even though the noun usage has a much longer history. It was only in 19th-century poetry that  myriad  started being used as an adj. So it’s a bit of a stumper. It’s tempting to recommend avoiding the noun usage so that no readers will be bugged, but at the same time it’s true that any reader who’s bugged by  a myriad of  is both persnickety and wrong - and you can usually rebut snooty teachers, c opy editors, et al. by directing them to Coleridge’s â€Å"Myriad myriads of lives teemed forth.† Unique This is one of a class of adjectives, sometimes called â€Å"uncomparables†, that can be a little tricky. Among other uncomparables are  precise,exact,  correct,  entire,  accurate,  preferable,  inevitable,  possible,  false; there are probably two dozen in all. These adjectives all describe absolute, non-negotiable states: something is either false or it’s not; something is either inevitable or it’s not. Many writers get careless and try to modify uncomparables with comparatives like  more  and  less  or intensives like  very. But if you really think about them, the core assertions in sentences like â€Å"War is becoming increasingly inevitable as Middle East tensions rise†; â€Å"Their cost estimate was more accurate than the other firms’†; and â€Å"As a mortician, he has a very unique attitude† are nonsense. If something is inevitable, it is bound to happen; it cannot be bound to happen and then somehow e ven more bound to happen.Unique  already means one-of-a-kind, so the adj. phrase  very unique  is at best redundant and at worst stupid, like â€Å"audible to the ear† or â€Å"rectangular in shape†. You can blame the culture of marketing for some of this difficulty. As the number and rhetorical volume of US ads increase, we become inured to hyperbolic language, which then forces marketers to load superlatives and uncomparables with high-octane modifiers (special  Ã‚  very special  Ã‚  Super-special!  Ã‚  Mega-Special!!), and so on. A deeper issue implicit in the problem of uncomparables is the dissimilarities between Standard Written English and the language of advertising. Advertising English, which probably deserves to be studied as its own dialect, operates under different syntactic rules than SWE, mainly because AE’s goals and assumptions are different. Sentences like â€Å"We offer a totally unique dining experience†; â€Å"Come on down and receive your free gift†; and â€Å"Save up to 50 per cent†¦ and more!† are perfectly OK in Advertising English - but this is because Advertising English is aimed at people who are not paying close attention. If your audience is by definition involuntary, distracted and numbed, then  free gift  and  totally unique  stand a better chance of penetrating - and simple penetration is what AE is all about. One axiom of Standard Written English is that your reader is paying close attention and expects you to have done the same. Focus Focus  is now the noun of choice for expressing what people used to mean by  concentration  (â€Å"Sampras’s on-court focus was phenomenal†) and  priority  (â€Å"Our focus is on serving the needs of our customers†). As an adj., it seems often to serve as an approving synonym for  driven  ormonomaniacal: â€Å"He’s the most focused warehouse manager we’ve ever had.† As a verb, it seems isomorphic with the older  to concentrate: â€Å"Focus, people!†; â€Å"The Democrats hope that the campaign will focus on the economy†; â€Å"We need to focus on finding solutions instead of blaming each other†. Given the speed with which  to focus  has supplanted  to concentrate, it’s a little surprising that nobody objects to its somewhat jargony New Age feel - but nobody seems to. Maybe it’s because the word is only one of many film and drama terms that have entered mainstream usage in the last decad e, e.g.,  to foreground  (= to feature, to give top priority to);  to background  (= to downplay, to relegate to the back burner);  scenario  (= an outline of some hypothetical sequence of events), and so on. Fervent A beautiful and expressive word that combines the phonological charms of  verve  and  fever.  Lots of writers, though, think fervent is synonymous with  fervid, and most dictionary defs. don’t do much to disabuse them. The truth is that there’s a hierarchical trio of zeal-type adjectives, all with roots in the Latin verb  fervere  (= to boil). Even though  fervent  can also mean extremely hot, glowing (as in â€Å"Fingering his ascot, Aubrey gazed abstractedly at the brazier’s fervent coals†), it’s actually just the baseline term;  fervent  is basically synonymous with ardent.  Fervid  is the next level up; it connotes even more passion/devotion/eagerness than fervent. At the top is  perfervid, which means extravagantly, rabidly, uncontrollably zealous or impassioned.  Perfervid  deserves to be used more, not only for its internal alliteration and metrical pizzazz but because its deployment usually shows that the writ er knows the differences between the three  fervere  words. Feckless A totally great adjective.  Feckless  primarily means deficient in efficacy, i.e., lacking vigor or determination, feeble; but it can also mean careless, profligate, irresponsible. It appears most often now in connection with wastoid youths, bloated bureaucracies - anyone who’s culpable for his own haplessness. The great thing about using  feckless  is that it lets you be extremely dismissive and mean without sounding mean; you just sound witty and classy. The word’s also fun to read because of the soft  eassonance and the  k  sound - the triply assonant noun form is even more fun. Noma This medical noun signifies an especially icky ulcerous infection of the mouth or genitals. Because the condition most commonly strikes children living in abject poverty/squalor, it’s a bit like scrofula. And just as the adj.  scrofulous  has gradually extended its sense to mean â€Å"corrupt, degenerate, gnarly†, so  nomal  seems ripe for similar extension; it could serve as a slightly obscure or erudite synonym for â€Å"scrofulous, repulsive, pathetically gross, grossly pathetic†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ you get the idea. Hairy There are maybe more descriptors for various kinds of hair and hairiness than any other word-set in English, and some of them are extremely strange and fun. The more pedestrian terms like  shaggy,  unshorn,  bushy,  coiffed, and so on we’ll figure you already know. The adj.  barbigerous  is an extremely uptown synonym for  bearded.  Cirrose  and  cirrous, from the Latin  cirrus  meaning â€Å"curl† or â€Å"fringe† (as in  cirrus clouds), can both be used to refer to somebody’s curly or tufty or wispy/feathery hair - Nicolas Cage’s hair in  Adaptation  is cirrose.  Crinite  means â€Å"hairy or possessed of a hair-like appendage†, though it’s mainly a botanical term and would be a bit eccentric applied to a person.  Crinose, though, is a people-adj. that means â€Å"having a lot of hair†, especially in the sense of one’s hair being really long. The related nouncrinosity  is antiquate d but not obsolete and can be used to refer to somebody’s hair in an amusingly donnish way, as in  Madonna’s normally platinum crinosity is now a maternal brown.  Glabrous, which is the loveliest of all hair-related adjectives, means having no hair (on a given part) at all. Please note that  glabrous  means more baby’s-bottom-hairless than bald or shaved, though if you wanted to describe a bald person in an ironically fancy way you could talk about his  glabrous domeor something.  Hirsute  is probably the most familiar upmarket synonym for  hairy, totally at home in any kind of formal writing. Like that of many hair-related adjectives,  hirsute’s original use was in botany (where it means â€Å"covered with coarse or bristly hairs†), but in regular usage its definition is much more general.  Hispid  means â€Å"covered with stiff or rough little hairs† and could apply to a military pate or unshaved jaw.Hispidulous  is mainly just a puffed-up form of  hispid  and should be avoided.  Lanate  and  lanated  mean â€Å"having or being composed of woolly hairs†. A prettier and slightly more familiar way to describe woolly hair is with the adjective  flocculent. (There’s also  floccose, but this is used mainly of odd little hairy fruits like kiwi and quince.) Then there are thepil-based words, all derived from the Latin  pilus  (= hair).  Pilose, another fairly common adj., means â€Å"covered with fine soft hair†. Last but not least is the noun  pilimiction, which names a hopefully very rare medical disorder â€Å"in which piliform or hair-like bodies are passed in the urine†. Outside of maybe describing some kind of terribly excruciated facial expression as  pilimictive, however, it’s hard to imagine a mainstream use for  pilimiction.  Tomentose  means â€Å"covered with dense little matted hairs† - baby chimps, hobbitsâ€℠¢ feet and Robin Williams are alltomentose.  Ulotrichous, which is properly classed with  lannate  andflocculent, is an old term for â€Å"crisply woolly hair†. Be advised that it is also, if not exactly a racist adj., certainly a racial one - AC Haddon’sRaces of Man, from the early 1900s, classified races according to three basic hair types:  leiotrichous  (straight),  cymotrichous  (wavy) andulotrichous.

NBA- National Basketball Association Research Paper

NBA- National Basketball Association - Research Paper Example Not only is the NBA among the four main North American professional sports leagues but its players are also the world’s most lucratively paid sportsmen, going by the average annual salary per player. Many attribute the success of the NBA to its culture and the manner in which it has managed to integrate its culture to its operations and goals, as will be seen in the discussion which ensues forthwith. First, it is important to consider the fact that the NBA has a wide culture, with this wideness taking on both formal and informal aspects. The formal culture of the NBA has mainly been consistent with the organizational policies, while the informal one has mainly been subject to socio-cultural preferences. According to Maymin, Maymin, and Shen (2011), to show for the similarity between NBA and business culture, NBA has also used creations and mergers to extend itself. Having been founded in 1946, the Basketball Association of America merged with NBL on August 3rd, 1949. This deve lopment culminated into the creation of the National Basketball Association. To extend its interests further, NBA has used franchising as its business culture. NBA in 1949 had 17 franchises that at the time were located in large and small cities, and large and small arenas. Through the 1950s, NBA consolidated its 11 franchises. In a closely related wavelength, it is important to note that NBA has also used contraction to move its franchises that had been located in smaller cities to get to larger cities. For instance, it is against this backdrop that the Hawks moved from Quad Cities to Milwaukee, then to Missouri, St. Louis, while the Royals moved from Rochester, New York, to Cincinnati. In the same respect, Pistons moved from Indiana (Fort Wayne) to Detroit in 1957. The culture of merging, franchising and contraction started from the need to expand. The growth of NBA into national and regional importance and the global recognition of NBA as the principal basketball league in the Un ited States underscore the success of these management cultures- franchising, merging and contracting. One of the informal cultures of NBA is its identification with the African American and hip hop culture. The fact that rappers such as Sean Carter and Cornell Iral Hayness Jr. are major stakeholders in NBA teams (namely, Charlotte Bobcats and Brooklyn Nets respectively), underscore this. In like manner, a number of artists have managed to wear NBA throwback jerseys in their music videos. Likewise, NBA plays hip hop and rap music in basketball arenas during games. As if this is not enough, NBA video games NBA Live, ABC-ESPN and NBA 2K use hip hop music in their soundtracks and coverage. Some of the players in NBA have rapped or tried to rap, with Shaquille O’Neal, Tony parker, Kobe Bryant, Chris Webber, Allen Iverson and Metta World Peace serving as examples of these basketball-players-cum-rappers. It is also not at all uncommon to find several NBA players who act or dress in ways that are consistent with rap and hip hop culture. It is for this same reason that many NBA players and members wear jewelry and spot tattoos, both inside and outside basketball courts. A. Maymin, P. Maymin, and Shen (2011) contend that the close affiliation between the NBA and hip hop culture dates back to the late 1970s. This development follows the fact that the 1970s fall within the Cold

Financial Reporting Theory Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Reporting Theory Practice - Essay Example This essay describes the strategic management guidelines of the Morrisons company that have been developed with regard to analysing and writing up this essay. The goal of an essay's analysis is to determine the value of a company as expressed through its choices of strategy and structure. Firstly, the researcher states that such case analysis of a company is critical that it be systematic. The place of financial information is critical in the analysis and presentation of a case study analysis. Awareness of a company’s financial position at a given point in time represents the tangible outcomes of the company’s business strategies and structure. In summary, although Morrisons operated at a profit loss at the mid-way of the financial year for 2006, debt was down, team-work had been enhanced amongst the company, and International Standards for Financial Reporting had been adopted. The massive changes during the financial year, have tapped into environmental opportunities t o be exploited. It is anticipated that revues will increase over the forthcoming year, and future financial terms. It is recommended by the researcher of the essay that Morrisons focus on its alternative fuel sources supply of ethanol. As this leading company sets the standard for other manufacturers it would be in the interest of Morrisons to cultivate its ethanol to increase profits. Also, continued innovation in CSR will ensure Morrisons positive brand image, as well as cut costs in terms of time, money and employee, and of course, environmental impact.

Fin 4100 Essay Example for Free

Fin 4100 Essay Financial Management 1. Happy Valley, Inc. stock is valued at $51. 40 a share. The company pays a constant dividend of $3. 80. What is the required return on this stock? Po = D/Rs $51. 40 = $3. 80/Rs Rs = 7. 39% 2. The Francis Company is expected to pay a dividend of D1 = $1. 25 per share at the end of the year, and that dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 6. 00% per year in the future. The companys beta is 1. 15, the market risk premium is 5. 50%, and the risk-free rate is 4. 00%. What is the companys current stock price? Po = D1/(Rs-g)Rs = 4% + (5. 5%)1. 15 = 10. 325% Po = 1. 25/(. 10325-. 06) Po = 28. 90 3. Nachman Industries just paid a dividend of $1. 32. Analysts expect the companys dividend to grow by 30% this year, by 10% in Year 2, and at a constant rate of 5% in Year 3 and thereafter. The required return on this low-risk stock is 9. 00%. What is the stock’s current market value? D1 = 1. 716 D2 = 1. 8876 D3 = 1. 98198 P2 = 1. 98198/(. 09-. 05) = 49. 5495 Po = 1. 716/(1. 09) + (1. 8876+49. 5495)/(1. 09)^2 Po = 44. 87 4. A firm has the following sales: 008200920102011 $1,248,311$1,542,661$1,821,962$2,048,725 Use the compound average growth rate to forecast 2012 sales. g = [(2048725/1248311)^ . 3333] -1 g = 17. 956069% 2012 sales = 2048725 (1+. 17956069) 2012 sales = 2416595. 469 5. A firm is considering two projects, and it requires a 12% return on its projects. Their minimum payback period is 2. 5 years. Assuming the projects are independent (not mutually exclusive), which would you choo se based on the payback method? The NPV? The IRR? Project AProject B Initial outlay $200,000Initial outlay $180,000 Cash flows Year 1$70,000Year 1$80,000 Year 2$80,000Year 2$90,000 Year 3$90,000Year 3$30,000 Year 4$90,000Year 4$40,000 Year 5$100,000Year 5$40,000 Payback for A: 2. 55 years (reject) NPV for A: $104,275. 05 (accept) IRR for A: 30. 15% (accept) Payback for B: 2. 33 years (accept) NPV for B: $32,647. 23 (accept) IRR for B: 20. 57% (accept) If the projects were mutually exclusive, then based off of Payback, only B is accepted; off of NPV, A is accepted; and off of IRR, A is accepted. 6. A firm has a capital structure containing 40% debt, 20% preferred tock, and 40% common stock equity. The firm’s debt has a yield to maturity of 8. 1%, its annual preferred stock dividend is $3. 10, and the preferred stock’s current market price is $50 per share. The firm’s common stock has a beta of 0. 9, and the risk free rate and the market return are currently 4% and 13. 5% respectively. The firm is subject to a 40% tax rate. What is the firm’s WACC? WACC = . 40 (8. 1%) (1- . 40) + . 20 (6. 2%) + . 40 (12. 55%) = 8. 204% 7. A firm has 1 million shares of outstanding common stock which currently trades at $50 per share. The firm’s stockholders require a 15% return on their investment. The firm also has $47. 1 million (par value) in 5 year, fixed rate notes with an after tax yield to maturity of 7% . The current market value of the five year notes is $49 million. The firm also has 200,000 outstanding shares of preferred stock which pay an annual dividend of $8 and currently trade at their $80 per share par value. What is the firm’s WACC? Market cap for common stock: $50M Market cap for debt: $49M Market cap for preferred stock: $16M WACC = . 15 (. 43478) + . 07 (. 42609) + . 10 (. 13913) = 10. 90%

Swann’s Way Essay -- Literary Analysis

Memory takes centre stage in this novel, which departs from the traditional Nineteenth Century novel in that the narrative does not follow one protagonist throughout. In ‘Swann’s Way’ the protagonist is Marcel, but Proust, a modernist writer uses ‘distancing’ to create â€Å"an art of multiplication with regard to the representation of person ... creating aesthetics of deception for the autobiographical novel.† (Nalbantian, 1997, p.63). Also Proust referred to his narrator as the one who says ‘I’ and who is not always me.†(ibid). Proust’s highly subjective approach to fiction suits his subject of memory recall and the author uses this extract to analysis the voluntary or consciousness and the involuntary or subconsciouses memories. Marcel discovers through experience that intellectualising does not allow memories to resurface but familiar daily domestic sensations do. It is the â€Å"all powerful joy† and â€Å"exquisite pleasure† (p.58) of this subconscious memory recall which Proust is celebrating. The tone of the text is dreamlike and almost ecstatic, emphasising the spiritual aspect of memories. Proust uses lyrical words such as â€Å"fluted scallop of a pilgrim’s head† (p.58) which echoes â€Å"the little scallop-shell of pastry, so richly sensual under its severe, religious folds,† (p.61). This imagery associates the madeleines with sensuality and the cakes evocatively recall sexual fantasies. The lyrical vocabulary attempts to persuade the reader that the subconscious and involuntary memory recall provides â€Å"the effect which loves has of filling me with a precious essence; or rather this essence was not in me, it was myself.† (p.58). Renza suggests that â€Å"memories [are] literally made new again by their introduction into the proleptic course of na... ...1980, p.53) and an â€Å"autobiographical consciousness [which] is that consciousness which thinks about itself â€Å"(Ibid,p.49). Swann’s Way is partly autobiographical. Yet it is also a literary novel which reflects upon memory and â€Å"creates a metamorphical representation of universal truths† (Lee,2000,P.89), which the reader can share in, as such it transcends Proust’s lifetime and can be emphasised with today, which can be seen from its current popularity. Proust’s text is one of â€Å"all-powerful joy† equating memories with happiness. He â€Å"manipulated the very genre of the autobiographical novel in order to convey his aesthetics regarding life and art.† (Nalbantian,1907.p.99). Deciding whether Swann’s Way is true or not is not as important as reading its evocative and beautiful language and feeling at one with Proust that memories are somehow more fulfilling than reality. Swann’s Way Essay -- Literary Analysis Memory takes centre stage in this novel, which departs from the traditional Nineteenth Century novel in that the narrative does not follow one protagonist throughout. In ‘Swann’s Way’ the protagonist is Marcel, but Proust, a modernist writer uses ‘distancing’ to create â€Å"an art of multiplication with regard to the representation of person ... creating aesthetics of deception for the autobiographical novel.† (Nalbantian, 1997, p.63). Also Proust referred to his narrator as the one who says ‘I’ and who is not always me.†(ibid). Proust’s highly subjective approach to fiction suits his subject of memory recall and the author uses this extract to analysis the voluntary or consciousness and the involuntary or subconsciouses memories. Marcel discovers through experience that intellectualising does not allow memories to resurface but familiar daily domestic sensations do. It is the â€Å"all powerful joy† and â€Å"exquisite pleasure† (p.58) of this subconscious memory recall which Proust is celebrating. The tone of the text is dreamlike and almost ecstatic, emphasising the spiritual aspect of memories. Proust uses lyrical words such as â€Å"fluted scallop of a pilgrim’s head† (p.58) which echoes â€Å"the little scallop-shell of pastry, so richly sensual under its severe, religious folds,† (p.61). This imagery associates the madeleines with sensuality and the cakes evocatively recall sexual fantasies. The lyrical vocabulary attempts to persuade the reader that the subconscious and involuntary memory recall provides â€Å"the effect which loves has of filling me with a precious essence; or rather this essence was not in me, it was myself.† (p.58). Renza suggests that â€Å"memories [are] literally made new again by their introduction into the proleptic course of na... ...1980, p.53) and an â€Å"autobiographical consciousness [which] is that consciousness which thinks about itself â€Å"(Ibid,p.49). Swann’s Way is partly autobiographical. Yet it is also a literary novel which reflects upon memory and â€Å"creates a metamorphical representation of universal truths† (Lee,2000,P.89), which the reader can share in, as such it transcends Proust’s lifetime and can be emphasised with today, which can be seen from its current popularity. Proust’s text is one of â€Å"all-powerful joy† equating memories with happiness. He â€Å"manipulated the very genre of the autobiographical novel in order to convey his aesthetics regarding life and art.† (Nalbantian,1907.p.99). Deciding whether Swann’s Way is true or not is not as important as reading its evocative and beautiful language and feeling at one with Proust that memories are somehow more fulfilling than reality.

Poetry and Nature Essay

Wordsworth is one among the best five poets in English. He wrote many poems and most of them are best known for its treatment of love for nature. â€Å"The Daffodils†, â€Å"Lines Written in Early Spring†, â€Å"To the Cuckoo†, and â€Å"My Heart Leaps Up† are very few of his poems in which the role of nature is predominant. By the close reading of the poems it is obvious that he is an ardent lover of nature. And he has the quality to heal all his deep sufferings by enjoying nature. And he insists his readers that to live in touch with nature and it will cure all their problems. Through his poems he gave such a healing power to nature. In most of his poems he considered nature as a living personality. He is a very sensitive to all changes occurred in nature. I WANTERED LONELY AS A CLOUD (THE DAFFODILS) His poem â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† is one of the most celebrated poem. In which the poet describes about a time when he wandered like a cloud through vales and hills. From the first line of this poem it is clear that the poet feels lonely at the time of writing this poem. Finally he saw a group of daffodils which are â€Å"fluttering and dancing in the breeze†. This is all about the first stanza of this poem. In its second stanza he started describe about the daffodils. The flowers seemed never ending so he compares it with shining stars in the Milky Way. He assumes that he might see ten thousand daffodils at a glance. This shows that the flowers are countless or large in number. And they are â€Å"tossing their heads and sprightly dance†. Here the poet is depressed internally but he tries to find happiness from his surrounding nature. In third stanza he compares the waves of the lake and daffodils. But he says that daffodils have more â€Å"glee† than the â€Å"sparking†Ã‚  lake. And he says that a poet can’t do anything but enjoying it. Even in his loneliness he feels some happiness inside his mind. He says that â€Å"in such a jocunt company† a poet can only enjoy it nothing more than that. He starred at the scene for a long time and he couldn’t understand what he gained by gazing at it. Here he says that nature has a power to attract any man’s attention even if the man is in depressed mood. In its last stanza he describes about what he gained from this experience. He says whenever he feels â€Å"pensive† or â€Å"vacant† this experience fills happiness in the mind of the poet and he started dancing with that flowers. It shows his change of mood after take a look of those flowers. â€Å"They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.† The dancing daffodils have that much influence in the mind of the poet. This experience was capable to heal the inner sufferings of him. From this poem he tries to teach the reader about the importance of man’s connection with nature. Only nature can give utmost pleasure to man than any material possession. MY HEART LEAPS UP (THE RAINBOW) This poem is one of Wordsworth’s widely accepted poems. In which he depicts about his excitements when he saw a rainbow in the sky. This poem is well known because of its simplicity in theme and its treatment of nature. Through this poem he reveals to his readers that how childishly he keeps enjoying nature. He used to see rainbow in the sky from his childhood itself. Now he is a grown up man but still he didn’t lose his spirit towards nature. In short his love for nature is consistent. We can understand it by referring many of his poems. This poem is started with the line â€Å"My heart leaps up when I behold. A rainbow in the sky:† From the first line itself he started describing his cheerful experience when he saw a rainbow in the sky. According to him there is no age bound in enjoying nature. He used here present, past and future tenses only to denote his spirit of enjoying the nature. â€Å"So  was it when my life began; So is it now I am a man; So be it when I shall grow old,† He says that when he was in his childhood the view of rainbow made the same effect which he feels now, in his manhood. And he wishes to continue like this in his future also. In his mind leading a life without keeping any connection with nature is worse than death. He says that in his future days if he is not capable to enjoy it then â€Å"let me die!†. He can’t think a life without nature because it is everything for him. And through these lines he also shows his consistent love towards nature. His love has same spirit throughout his life. And till his end he wishes to live in nature’s lap. Towards the end of this poem he says that â€Å"The child is father of the man;† which gives a paradoxical meaning here. Commonly we know that man is the father of child. But here he was not talking about its direct meaning. He only means that from the childhood begins manhood. Here the word â€Å"father† means one from whom something begins. The main idea of the poem lies in this line, i.e., the present is the outcome of past and like this future will be the outcome of present. And in its concluding lines he shows his deep desire to live in connection with nature by enjoying all its varieties. â€Å"And I could wish my days to be  Bound each to each by natural piety.† Through these lines he indirectly talks about his immense desire to go back to his childhood. In that age he was very cheerful. Now in his adulthood, because of the bitter experiences of his life, he wishes to attain his childhood once again and he finds that nature is the best mean to achieve it. The themes of â€Å"childhood† and â€Å"nature† are best described through this poem. â€Å"LINES WRITTEN IN EARLY SPRING†: It is a simple, lyric poem. The poet himself said in this poem that he wrote this when he sat under the shade of a group of trees. He was in a relaxing mood at that time and he sat there for a long time by enjoying the music or the sounds from his surroundings. Suddenly the music changes to a melancholy note when he started thinking  about humanity. â€Å"In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts Bring sad thoughts to the mind.† Personally the poet was in a depressed situation at that time. Because of the French Revolution there were problems concerning poverty and society. Moreover he was not take care by his uncle, who was supposed to take care of him since the death of his father, after his graduation. But when he sat under the trees he felt better and slowly it act like a healing balm of his sufferings. But suddenly things have changed. He says that the beautiful sight of nature is a bridge from human soul to god. According to him natural sights are enough to give a perpetual bliss to his mind. â€Å"To her fair works did Nature link The human soul that through me ran;† Through these lines the poet tries to spiritualize nature. He knows that spiritual life is happier than material life. Now his tiresome heart is in search for eternal pleasure. Nature is a perfect creation of god so worshipping it will also give bliss. But the thought of humanity again started disturbing him. And he thinks pathetically about the treatment given to a man by his fellow beings. â€Å"And much it grieved my heart to think What man has made of man.† From these lines he tries to say that all the sufferings of man are only because of the drifting away from nature. According to him nature is the mother of humans. From there only we get complete compensation from all our sufferings. So he indirectly says that men can’t exist without nature. Then he started describing about the flowers in that place. Primrose, periwinkle like flowers are well grown there. After gazing at them he realized that all the flowers are enjoying all their actions even their breathing. From his surroundings he wish acquire some happiness and thus feel an internal bliss. â€Å"The birds around me hopped and played, Their thoughts I cannot measure: — But the least motion which they made, It seemed a thrill of pleasure Secondly he started looking at the birds around him. They were â€Å"hopped† and â€Å"played† there. Then he says that he was not able to understand their thoughts but even in their small movements poet could feel â€Å"a thrill of pleasure† in them. Poet’s mind is wounded now. But the pleasant picture of the nature changes his mood and brings happiness slowly. In its fourth stanza he started describing about the trees around him. They were all spreading their leaves to breathe the fresh air. But their also he could see only happiness. He came to a realization that nature itself is blissful. All the creatures which are living in connection with nature are all blessed with peace and happiness. In the final stanza he concludes the poem with an important question that is â€Å"what man has made of man?† He became clear about the fact that drifting away from nature is the cause of all tragedies in human life. This realization ache him very harshly. â€Å"Have I not reason to lament What Man has made of Man?† According to him man himself is only responsible for their sufferings. Throughout the poem the pleasure which he describes is something spiritual or divine and the union of man and nature is also the plan of god. Here it is well expressed the poet’s capacity to spiritualize nature. Thus this poem is all about the relationship between man and nature. â€Å"TO THE CUCKOO†: This poem is one of the best poem in which nature is reflected. Throughout this poem the poet thus the speaker addressing a bird cuckoo. Through this poem the poet welcomes the spring season in the most elegant way. He from his childhood noticed that from the beginning of this season nature seems more beautiful with the â€Å"wandering voice† of the bird cuckoo. And in this poem he indirectly depicting about his belief in supernatural elements and he states that this earth is not only for humans but also for animals, birds, supernatural elements like fairies etc. He starts the poem by calling the bird cuckoo as â€Å"a BLITHE New Comer†. He was attracted by its double fold shouting than anything. The bird is not visible to the poet. So in utter confusion he asks the bird that, â€Å"shall I call thee bird, / Or but a wandering voice?† It  also shows his interest to see that bird. In its first stanza he talks about his happiness when he hear the voice of the bird. In his second stanza he describes about when he heard the shouting of the bird cuckoo. When he lied on grass he heard the voice passing through â€Å"hills to hill† but he couldn’t fix the bird and thus the shouting seems to him as a wandering voice. Even he became in confusion that whether the bird is shouting from far away or nearby place. Thus the twofold sound of that bird made him a wanderer. Wordsworth is best known as the poet of eyes and ear. In his third stanza he talks about his pleasure and his experiences after seeing that cuckoo. â€Å"Though babbling only to the Vale, Of Sunshine and of flowers, Thou bringest unto me a tale Of visionary hours.† The valley which was filled with sunshine and flowers seemed more beautiful with the voice of the bird. It gives a feast to his eyes and ears. So it made him to stay there for a long time. It brings happiness to his mind. So whenever he heard its voice his urge to see that bird increases. And in the next stanza he addresses the bird as â€Å"darling of the spring† and he welcomes it to the season. And he says to the bird that the bird is only an invisible thing to him. So he feels that the voice of that bird is something mysteries. Even an unknown sound from nature has profound influence in poet’s mind. That’s why it easily catches the attention of the poet. In its fifth stanza he describes about his childhood. Even in his childhood he wandered a lot to see this bird. He tried to see the bird by following its voice. â€Å"The same whom in my school-boy days I listened to; that Cry  Which made me look a thousand ways In bush, and tree, and sky.† He says that even from his boyhood age he was fully attracted by the catching beauty of nature. In his childhood also he used to listen its music but then  also he didn’t get a chance to see that bird. The bird stays by hiding itself and through its sweet sound it makes the nature more alive and thus it tries to increase its overall beauty. In his childhood he often searched it â€Å"In bush, tree and sky.† Still he keeps searching it with a hope of success. So these lines also show the theme of hope also. He didn’t tire with his thousands of attempt to see that bird. All his failures made him to search more and more. So by observing nature he got a hope for his future. He believes that one day he will meet the owner of that wandering mysterious voice. In its next two stanzas he depicts about his theme of hope and childhood. Even in his manhood also he is wandering for that bird. He has a spark of hope by the shouting of that bird. He keeps an ardent love towards the bird even if he didn’t see that bird yet. And he says that when he lied on the grass and hear the voice, it made a nostalgic effect  to his mind. He started thinking about his â€Å"golden time†, childhood. From the line, â€Å"And listen, till I do beget  That golden time again.†Ã‚  It is obvious that his childhood was full of happiness. That is why he referred it with the word â€Å"golden time†. The music of cuckoo had made this much influence in the mind of the poet. In its final stanza he gives a supernatural power to that bird. He calls it as â€Å"O blessed bird!†. From our childhood itself we heard about the stories of fairies. Fairies are some supernatural elements which help and give happiness to others. So to him the bird cuckoo also like this. It gives intense pleasure to the mind of the people. With its sweet voice it heals the incurable wounds of the mind. In his last stanzas he indirectly depicts about his believe in supernatural elements like fairy. â€Å"O blessed Bird! the earth we pace Again appears to be  An unsubstantial, faery place; That is fit home for Thee!† Through this line he says that this world is not only for humans but also for animals and other super natural elements. In his eyes the cuckoo bird is a  blessed one because it has the power to heal the inner sorrows of men and it fills eternal bliss in to the mind of the humans.

Tupac Amaru Shakur And Christopher Wallace - 1321 Words

Tupac Amaru Shakur and Christopher Wallace also knows as â€Å"Biggie Smalls† are both male rappers who lived a pretty short but famous mid 90’s career in the music industry. Tupac and Biggie were able to escape the streets therefore, many people claim that it was the industry that killed them. Tupac and Biggie are both famously known for their rapping careers even though Tupac was more an activist and Biggie rapper. Tupac Amaru Shakur who was born Lesane Parish Cooks was an American actor and rapper. He was born June 16, 1971 to Alicia Faye Williams also known as Afeni in Harlem, New York who was the daughter of a maid and high school dropout that became involved with the Black Panther Party. Tupac’s father Billy Garland†¦show more content†¦In 1991 he released his first solo album. At first his album did not sell well because of marketing issues until Interscope Records sold his record. As fame came so did trouble , in 1991 Tupac tried to file a ten million dollar civil suit against Oakland Police Department . He claimed that he was brutally beaten for jaywalking. In 1994 Tupac and friends were charged with sexual assault to a woman in a hotel room. He was soon convicted of sexual abuse and sentenced to a year and a half in jail. Once he got out he wrote in his songs that he was never a rapist. A little before the verdict in his case was announced Tupac was robbed and shot in the lobby of Quad Recording Studios in manhattan. Tupac later accused Biggie Smalls, Sean Combs, Andre Harrell and one of his close associates Randy Walker for the shooting which sparked the West Coast East Coast Rivalry. During his prison sentence he released his album Me Against The World and it became multi-platinum. Tupac is the first and only artist to have an album go number one on the Billboard 200 while being in prison. Tupac was released in October of 1995 mainly due to Suge Knights influence who was the CEO of Death Row Records. Knight made a deal with Pac to release three albums under the Death Row Label and posted his 1.4 million dollar bail in exchange. Tupac’s life was soon to be ending On the night ofShow MoreRelatedTupac Shakur - Turning Struggles Into Success1646 Words   |  7 PagesTupac Shakur – Turning Struggles into Success Violent lyrics, a bad-boy image, and a long criminal record are what attracted and connected millions of young adults to the now legendary rapper Tupac Shakur. Tupac was a man of contradictions; for example, his music degraded and also praised strong women. Tupac Shakur rapped about problems that inner-city black Americans could relate to, along with his legal and personal drama; you could not get away from Tupac in the 1990’s. From the womb to the